The heat is exchanged between the ground and the atmosphere in the form of long-wave radiation, and the atmosphere has a thermal insulation effect on the ground. This effect can be expressed by ground effective radiation (F0): F0 = Fg-δEA ground effective solar radiation is the difference between ground radiation and atmospheric reverse radiation (δEA) absorbed by the ground. Generally, the ground temperature is higher than the atmospheric temperature, so ground radiation is stronger than atmospheric reverse radiation. The intensity of ground effective radiation varies with ground temperature, air temperature, air humidity and cloud conditions.
The energy of solar radiation comes from the energy produced by hydrogen fusion. Under high temperature and high pressure, four hydrogen nuclei become a helium nuclei through a series of fusion reactions and release a lot of heat. This continuous fusion continues to provide energy to the sun.
